书湖阴先生壁
书湖阴先生壁。
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宋代。王安石。 茅檐长扫净无苔，花木成畦手自栽。一水护田将绿绕，两山排闼送青来。桑条索漠楝花繁，风敛余香暗度垣。黄鸟数声残午梦，尚疑身属半山园。
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宋代]：王安石
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茅檐长扫净无苔，花木成畦手自栽。
桑条索漠楝花繁，风敛余香暗度垣。
黄鸟数声残午梦，尚疑身属半山园。
书湖阴先生壁译文及注释
译文
茅草房庭院经常打扫，洁净得没有一丝青苔。花草树木成行成垄，都是主人亲手栽种。
庭院外一条小河保护着农田，并且环绕着农田；两座大山打开门来为人们送去绿色。
桑树枝叶繁茂，楝花也十分繁盛。清风吹送楝花余香，悄悄地送过墙头。
黄莺几声清脆的啼叫 ，惊醒了我的午觉。一梦醒来，我恍恍惚惚还觉得自己好像仍然在旧日所住的半山园中。
注释
书：书写，题诗。湖阴先生：本名杨德逢，隐居之士，是王安石晚年居住金陵紫金山（今江苏南京）时的邻居。
茅檐：茅屋檐下，这里指庭院。无苔：没有青苔。
成畦（qí ）：成垄成行。 畦：经过修整的一块块田地。
护田：这里指护卫环绕着园田。⑸排闼（tà）：开门。闼：小门。送青来：送来绿色。
楝(liàn)花：“二十四番花信”里的楝花，指的就是北方常见的苦楝花。
参考资料：
1、陈文新 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：249-250
2、高克勤 等．王安石及其作品选．上海：上海古籍出版社，1998：55-56
书湖阴先生壁创作背景
《书湖阴先生壁二首》是王安石题在杨德逢屋壁上的一组诗。杨德逢，别号湖阴先生，是王安石退居金陵时的邻居和经常往来的朋友。
参考资料：
1、陈文新 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：249-250
书湖阴先生壁鉴赏
这两首诗是题写在湖阴先生家屋壁上的，其中第一首很著名。这一首诗用典十分精妙，读者不知典故内容，并不妨碍对诗歌大意的理解；而诗歌的深意妙趣，则需要明白典故的出处才能更深刻地体会。
首二句赞美杨家庭院的清幽。“茅檐”代指庭院。“静”即净。怎样写净呢？诗人摒绝一切平泛的描绘，而仅用“无苔”二字，举重若轻，真可谓别具只眼。何以见得？江南地湿，又时值初夏多雨季节，这对青苔的生长比之其他时令都更为有利。况且，青苔性喜阴暗，总是生长在僻静之处，较之其他杂草更难于扫除。而今庭院之内，连青苔也没有，不正表明无处不净、无时不净吗？在这里，平淡无奇的形象由于恰当的用字却具有了异常丰富的表现力。“花木”是庭院内最引人注目的景物。因为品种繁多，所以要分畦栽种。这样，“成畦”二字就并非仅仅交代花圃的整齐，也有力地暗示出花木的丰美，既整齐又不单调。
这清幽环境令人陶醉，所以当诗人的目光从院内花木移向院外的山水时，他的思致才会那样悠远、飘逸，才会孕育出下面一联的警句，门前的景物是一条河流，一片农田，两座青山，在诗人眼里，山水对这位志趣高洁的主人也有情谊。诗人用拟人手法，将“一水”“两山”写成富有人情的亲切形象。弯弯的河流环绕着葱绿的农田，正像母亲用双手护着孩子一样。“护”字，“绕”字显得那么有情。门前的青山见到庭院这样整洁，主人这样爱美，也争相前来为主人的院落增色添彩：推门而入，奉献上一片青翠。诗人以神来之笔，留下千古传诵的名句。
“一水”“两山”被转化为富于生命感情的亲切的形象，而为千古传诵。但后二句所以广泛传诵，主要还在于这样两点：一、拟人和描写浑然一体，交融无间。“一水护田”加以“绕”字，正见得那小溪曲折生姿，环绕着绿油油的农田，这不恰像一位母亲双手护着小孩的情景吗？著一“护”字，“绕”的神情明确显示。至于“送青”之前冠以“排闼”二字，更是神来之笔。它既写出了山色不只是深翠欲滴，也不只是可掬，而竟似扑向庭院而来!这种描写给予读者的美感极为新鲜、生动。它还表明山的距离不远，就在杨家庭院的门前，所以似乎伸手可及。尤其动人的，是写出了山势若奔，仿佛刚从远方匆匆来到，兴奋而热烈。所有这些都把握住了景物的特征，而这种种描写，又都和充分的拟人化结合起来那情调、那笔致，完全像在表现“有朋自远方来”的情景：情急心切，竟顾不得敲门就闯进庭院送上礼物。二者融合无间，相映生色，既奇崛又自然，既经锤炼又无斧凿之痕，清新隽永，韵味深长。二、这两句诗也与杨德逢的形象吻合。在前联里，已可看到一个人品高洁、富于生活情趣的湖阴先生。所居仅为“茅檐”，他不仅“扫”，而且“长扫”（即常扫），以至于“静无苔”；“花木成畦”，非赖他人，而是亲“手自栽”。可见他清静脱俗，朴实勤劳。这样一位高士，徜徉于山水之间，当然比别人更能欣赏到它们的美，更感到“一水”“两山”的亲近；诗人想象山水有情，和湖阴先生早已缔结了深厚的交谊。诗以“书湖阴先生壁”为题，处处关合，处处照应，由此也可见出诗人思致的绵密。
此诗对于“一水”“两山”的拟人化，既以自然景物的特征为基础，又与具体的生活内容相吻合，所以气足神完，浑化无迹，成为古今传诵的名句。
在修辞技巧上，“一水护田将绿绕，两山排闼送青来”两句也堪作范例。诗人运用了对偶的句式，又采用了拟人的手法，给山水赋予人的感情，化静为动，显得自然化境既生机勃勃又清静幽雅。
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王安石简介
唐代·王安石的简介
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王安石（1021年12月18日－1086年5月21日），字介甫，号半山，谥文，封荆国公。世人又称王荆公。汉族，北宋抚州临川人（今江西省抚州市临川区邓家巷人），中国北宋著名政治家、思想家、文学家、改革家，唐宋八大家之一。欧阳修称赞王安石：“翰林风月三千首，吏部文章二百年。老去自怜心尚在，后来谁与子争先。”传世文集有《王临川集》、《临川集拾遗》等。其诗文各体兼擅，词虽不多，但亦擅长，且有名作《桂枝香》等。而王荆公最得世人哄传之诗句莫过于《泊船瓜洲》中的“春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还。”
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陈振家
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幽栖林下客，今日意何如。读水光阴迅，吟山世事疏。
命穷翻妒鸟，气躁漫思鱼。预种凌霄竹，居然成散樗。
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西江月·曾把江梅入室
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宋代：
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汪莘
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曾把江梅入室，门人不敬红梅。清香一点入灵台。傲雪家风犹在。
状貌妇人孺子，性情烈士奇才。自开自落有谁来。与妆上林相待。
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次韵监试潼川提刑张兵部有怀家山木犀
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宋代：
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魏了翁
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形安宇泰即吾乡，花解随人到处黄。
何事归心起张翰，有来妙语出君房。